Development of physical qualities in track-and-field runners at the stage of the improvement of sporting mastery
Keywords:
development of physical qualities, track-and-field runners, stage of the improvement of sporting mastery, speed-strength preparation, special endurance, periodisation of trainingAbstract
Objective of the study is to provide a theoretical substantiation of a comprehensive methodology for the directed development of the speed-strength abilities, special endurance, strength and flexibility of qualified runners within the framework of the annual cycle.
Methods and structure of the study. An analysis of the scientific and methodological literature was carried out, together with the systematisation of approaches to the periodisation of loads and the identification of the optimal means of developing the leading qualities. An analysis of the sources showed that in highly qualified athletes the limiting factors are special endurance and running economy. The principal approaches rest on the principles of undulating periodisation. The methodology is built on the integration of the means of running preparation, speed-strength exercises, plyometrics and gymnastic complexes.
Theoretical generalisation made it possible to determine a rational distribution of loads: the predominance of aerobic work in the preparatory period with a gradual increase in the share of high-intensity means in the pre-competition cycle. Attention is paid to the individualisation of the training effects with account taken of the morphofunctional features of the athletes and to the monitoring of the recovery of the body. The mechanisms of adaptation to combined loads and the influence of strength preparation on the power of the push-off are examined.
Results and conclusions. The results confirm the effectiveness of an integral approach in which the development of physical qualities is carried out in close interrelation with the improvement of technique. The need to observe the principles of variability and of the correspondence of loads to the level of preparedness is substantiated. It is proposed that the indicated ratios of the volumes and intensity of loads be used with obligatory monitoring of the athlete’s state.
References
Minabutdinov S.R., Gibadullin I.G., Kuznetsova Z.M., Nagovitsyn R.S. Variant metodiki razvitiya skorostno-silovykh sposobnostey yunykh legkoatletov. Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskiye i mediko-biologicheskiye problemy fizicheskoy kultury i sporta. 2022. V. 17. No. 3. Pp. 51-58.
Mosina E.B., Konovalov V.N. Planirovaniye fizicheskoy i tekhnicheskoy podgotovki legkoatletov v godichnom tsikle na uchebno-trenirovochnom etape. Nauka i sport: sovremennye tendentsii. 2024. V. 12. No. 4(48). Pp. 119-128.
Rakovetskiy A.I., Ponomarev V.V. Sravnitelnaya kharakteristika effektivnosti vozdeystviya innovatsionnykh programm na fizicheskuyu podgotovlennost studentok vuza. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2018. No. 9. Pp. 12. EDN: XUAVGH.
Smurygina L.V. Metodika podgotovki beguniy massovykh razryadov v bege na 400 metrov. Fizicheskoye vospitaniye i sport v vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniyakh. Belgorod: Belgorodskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnologicheskiy universitet im. V.G. Shukhova, 2022. Pp. 147-153.
Sorokin D.V. Formirovaniye skorostno-silovykh kachestv u begunov sprinterov 14-17 let s ispolzovaniem spetsialnykh utyazheleniy. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. 2026. No. 2. Pp. 27-28. EDN: XQJFKW.
Khaydarov U.R. Metodika primeneniya spetsialnykh begovykh uprazhneniy, vliyayushchikh na uvelicheniye skorosti sprinterskogo bega. Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya sportivnogo obrazovaniya, nauki i praktiki. Moskva: Moskovskiy pedagogicheskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, 2023. Pp. 246-251.
Shuleva E.M., Pronin E.A. Sravnitelnyy analiz effektivnosti razlichnykh metodov trenirovki begunov na sredniye distantsii bega. Prioritety razvitiya APK v usloviyakh tsifrovizatsii i strukturnykh izmeneniy natsionalnoy ekonomiki. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskiy gosudarstvennyy agrarnyy universitet, 2023. Pp. 506-509.
