Targeted impact on kinematic parameters as a factor in improving the athletic skills of young short-distance runners

Аннотация

Objective of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of managing the kinematic parameters of the running technique of young female sprinters.

Methods and structure of the study. Twenty-five female sprinters aged 15–17 years took part in the experiment. In the experimental group (EG, n=13), in contrast to the control group (CG, n=12), the improvement of the athletes’ mastery was carried out on the basis of a more purposeful impact on the kinematic parameters of their running technique. The criterion of the effectiveness of the application of the experimental factor was an increase in the speed-strength indicators (the gradient of muscle force and the jumping tests) and a gain in the sporting result in the main distance.

Results and conclusions. The partial correlation coefficients calculated between the running time over a particular segment of the 100 m distance and the relative explosive force of the muscles, as well as the results in the jumping tests, with the statistical exclusion (elimination) of leg length in the athletes, showed that, all other conditions being equal, the advantage in covering the segments of the distance lies with those runners who possess higher indicators of the explosive force of the leg extensor muscles.

The purposeful pedagogical impact in the spring and summer preparatory period on the components of running speed (the length and frequency of the strides), oriented towards the individual features of the athletes, made it possible to raise their speed-strength indicators, which contributed to an improvement in the mean group gain in the 100 m result in the runners of the EG by 0.21 s (p<0.05) in comparison with the previous season. In the athletes of the CG this gain amounted to 0.09 s (p>0.05).